These patterns are called
B. Convection Cells
The equatorial region receives the maximum amount of sunlight as the sun is directly above it. Due to this, the earth experiences a higher temperature, as a result of which the air in this region becomes warm and less dense. It then slowly rises up towards the upper atmosphere, forming a low pressure zone. This air when rises up, slowly cools, and after sometime it falls back. This continuous motion of air mass creates convection cells in the atmosphere.
Thus, the correct answer is option (B).
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